Fish
Grouper
Grouper covers several Epinephelus and related reef species with thick, mild, moist white flesh that holds in large flakes—ideal for grilling, blackening, steaming, and Caribbean-style soups. Texture is denser than cod, with fewer fine bones in big fillets. Flavour is clean and slightly sweet when very fresh; large older fish can be coarser. Cook skin-on steaks or fillets over high heat, steam Cantonese-style whole, or cube for chowders. Many groupers are slow-growing and pressured by fishing—prefer well-managed species and sizes, and beware mislabelling of cheaper white fish as grouper. Large fish may carry ciguatera risk in some tropical reefs; follow local advisories.
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Breeds & varieties
A sample of named types with their own origin and culinary profiles.
Characteristics
Preparations
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Nutrition and pairings
Nutrition
Typical values per 100 g edible portion. Nutrient names open the reference page.
Nutrition Facts
Per 100 g edible portion
Amount per 100 g
- Total Fat 5.31 g
- Saturated Fat 0.98 g
- Trans Fat 0 g
- Monounsaturated Fat 2.06 g
- Polyunsaturated Fat 1.84 g
- Cholesterol 51.3 mg
- Sodium 85.5 mg
- Salt 0.21 g
- Total Carbohydrate 0 g
- Dietary Fibre 0 g
- Total Sugars 0 g
- Complex / starch 0 g
- Protein 20.7 g
- Water 70.2 g
- Energy 136 kcal
- Water 70.2 g
- Protein 20.7 g
- Animal Protein 19.7 g
- Fat 5.31 g
- Saturated Fat 0.98 g
- Monounsaturated Fat 2.06 g
- Polyunsaturated Fat 1.84 g
- Vitamins 43.2 mg
- Vitamin A 20 µg
- Vitamin B1 — Thiamine 0.09 mg
- Vitamin B2 — Riboflavin 0.13 mg
- Vitamin B3 — Niacin 3.53 mg
- Vitamin B5 — Pantothenic Acid 0.61 mg
- Vitamin B6 0.34 mg
- Vitamin B7 — Biotin 2.6 µg
- Vitamin B9 — Folate 10.1 µg
- Vitamin B12 — Cobalamin 1.5 µg
- Vitamin C 2 mg
- Vitamin D 1.2 µg
- Vitamin E 0.49 mg
- Vitamin K 0.6 µg
- Minerals 336 mg
- Major Minerals 285 mg
- Trace Minerals 50.9 mg
- Salt 0.21 g
- Sodium Chloride 0.21 g
- Cholesterol 51.3 mg
Vitamins
vitamin-c: 2 · vitamin-b12-cobalamin: 1.5 · vitamin-a: 20 · vitamin-b1-thiamine: 0.09 · vitamin-b2-riboflavin: 0.13 · vitamin-b3-niacin: 3.53 · vitamin-b5-pantothenic-acid: 0.61 · vitamin-b6: 0.34 · vitamin-b7-biotin: 2.6 · vitamin-b9-folate: 10.1 · vitamin-d: 1.2 · vitamin-e: 0.49 · vitamin-k: 0.6 ·
Minerals
Sodium: 85.49 · Potassium: 150 · Calcium: 50 · Iron: 0.5 · Zinc: 0.4 · Iodine: 50 ·
Fish flesh is lean to oily depending on species; marine omega-3s rise in fatty fish.
History
Coastal and river fishing for grouper and related species supplied essential protein long before agriculture spread globally.
Salting, drying, smoking, and fermenting extended the shelf life of grouper and enabled long-distance trade.
Ice preservation and railway transport brought fresh grouper to inland cities beyond fishing ports.
Industrial freezing, aquaculture, and global logistics made grouper widely available in international markets.